ΜΕΙΖΩΝΕΣ ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΧΡΩΜΟΣΩΜΙΚΩΝ ΑΝΩΜΑΛΙΩΝ ΓΙΑ Σ DOWN

 

Β ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΥ

GENETIC SONOGRAM

ANOMALYSCAN

 

Όπως και να το πούμε θεωρείται ο πιο σημαντικός υπέρηχος της κύησης με τον οποίον >

ΜΕΤΡΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ

 

 

1 ΒΑΡΟΣ/ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ  ΕΜΒΡΥΟΥ /ΑΜΝΙΑΚΑ ΥΓΡΑ/ΘΕΣΗ  ΠΛΑΚΟΥΝΤΑ ΣΕ ΣΧΕΣΗ ΜΕ ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟ

 

2 ΜΕΙΖΩΝΕΣ   ΑΝΑΤΟΜΙΚΕΣ /ΔΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΩΜΑΛΙΕΣ

 

3 SOFTMARKRES

/ΜΕΙΖΩΝ ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΧΡΟΜΟΣΩΜΙΚΩΝ ΑΝΩΜΑΚΙΩΝ

ΣΤΗΝ ΦΑΙΝΟΤΥΠΙΚΗ ΤΟΥΣ ΕΚΦΡΑΣΗ ΜΕ ΠΙΟ ΣΥΧΝΕΣ ΤΙΣ : ΤΡΙΣΟΜΙΑ 21, ΤΡΙΣΟΜΙΑ 18,ΤΡΙΣΟΜΙΑ 13

 

4 ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ ΜΗΚΟΥΣ ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟΥ ΕΝΔΟΚΟΛΠΙΚΑ (ΠΡΟΛΗΨΗ ΠΡΟΩΡΟΥ ΤΟΚΕΤΟΥ )

 

5 ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ DOPPLER ΜΗΤΡΙΑΙΩΝ ΑΓΓΕΙΩΝ ΜΗΤΕΡΑΣ (ΠΡΟΛΗΨΗ ΠΡΕΕΚΛΑΜΨΙΑΣ ΜΗΤΕΡΑΣ)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Σε κάποιον πίνακα του 1515 ενός άγνωστου Φλαμανδού ζωγράφου, απεικονίζεται ένας άγγελος που έχει όλα τα χαρακτηριστικά ενός ατόμου που πάσχει από αυτό το σύνδρομο.


 

Phenotypic expression of chromosomal defects

 

[ Trisomy 21 is associated with a tendency for brachycephaly,

mild ventriculomegaly, nasal hypoplasia, nuchal

edema (or increased nuchal fold thickness), cardiac defects

(mainly atrioventricular septal defects), duodenal atresia

and echogenic bowel, mild hydronephrosis, shortening of

the femur and more so of the humerus, sandal gap and

clinodactyly or mid-phalanx hypoplasia of the fifth finger.

 

Trisomy 18 is associated with strawberry-shaped head,

choroid plexus cysts, absent corpus callosum, enlarged

cisterna magna, facial cleft, micrognathia, nuchal edema,

heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia

exomphalos, usually with bowel only in the sac,

single umbilical artery, renal defects, echogenic bowel,

myelomeningocele, growth restriction and shortening of

the limbs, radial aplasia, overlapping fingers and talipes

or rocker-bottom feet.

 

In trisomy 13, common defects

include holoprosencephaly and associated facial abnormalities,

microcephaly, cardiac and renal abnormalities

with often enlarged and echogenic kidneys, exomphalos

and postaxial polydactyly.

 

Triploidy where the extra set

of chromosomes is paternally derived is associated with a

molar placenta and the pregnancy rarely persists beyond

20 weeks. When there is a double maternal chromosome

contribution the pregnancy may persist into the third

trimester. The placenta is of normal consistency but thin

and the fetus demonstrates severe asymmetrical growth

restriction. Commonly there is mild ventriculomegaly,

micrognathia, cardiac abnormalities, myelomeningocele,

syndactyly, and ‘hitch-hiker’ toe deformity.

 

The lethal type of Turner syndrome

presents with large nuchal cystic hygromata, generalized edema, mild pleural effusions and ascites, cardiac abnormalities and horseshoe kidney which are suspected by the ultrasonographic appearance of bilateral mild hydronephrosis.]]

 

 Summary of the most common ultrasound findings of aneuploidy during the second trimester

 

 

 

 

Trisomy 21

Trisomy 18

Trisomy 13

Major

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Markers

Cardiac defects

/ARSA

Vascular anomakies of umbilico-portals

Duodenal atresia

Cystic hygroma

Hydrops

 Nuchal thickening

Mild ventriculomegaly

Absent or hypoplastic nasal bone

Extra cardiac major anomaly

 

 

 

 

 

Hypoplastic 12th rib

Hyperechoic bowel

EIF

Right/Left cardiac disproportion

Short humerus/short femur

Pyelectasis

Widened pelvic angle

Shortened frontal lobe/Brachycephaly

Clinodactyly

Widened sandal gap

Flat facies

Small ears/small cerebelar diameter

Cardiac defects

Spina bifida

Cerebellar dysgenesis

Micrognathia

Diaphragmatic hernia

Omphalocele

Clenched hands/ wrists

Radial aplasia

Club feet

Cystic hygroma

 

 

Choroid cysts

Brachycephaly

Shortened limbs

IUGR

Single umbilical artery

 

Cardiac defects

CNS abnormalities

Facial anomalies

Cleft lip/palate

Urogenital anomalies/

Echogenic kidneys

Omphalocele

Polydactyly

Rocker bottom feet

Cystic hygroma

 

 

EIF

Mild ventriculomegaly

Pyelectasis

IUGR

Single umbilical artery

 

 

 

EIF= echogenic intracardiac focus

 

 

Σε αυτη την σελιδα εχω κατηγοροποιήσει ξεχωριστά αυτούς τούς δείκτες παρότι ειναι στην κατηγορία των  soft markers .  Συμφωνα με τα νεα δεδωμενα (ΜΕΤΑ-ANALYSIS OF SECOND -TRIMESTER MARKERS FOR TRISOMY 21/ Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2013; 41 ; 247-261 ) απο τα συμπερασματα της μελέτης διαφένεται οτι; in the cases of most isolated markers there is only a small effect on modyfying the pre test odds for trisomy 21 , but ventriculomegaly , nuchal fold thickness and ARSA there is a 3-4 fold increase in risk and with hypoplastic nasal bone 6-7 fold increase  

ΑΠΩΝ  Η ΥΠΟΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΟ ΡΙΝΙΚΟ ΟΣΤΟ  (δες ορισμο υποπλαστικου στην σελιδα SOFT MARKERS)
ΑΥΧΕΝΙΚΗ ΠΤΥΧΗ  ισο >6 ΧΙΛ
ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΚΝΣ /ΔΙΑΤΑΣΗ ΠΛΑΓΙΩΝ ΚΟΙΛΙΩΝ > 10 ΧΙΛ /ΟΠΙΣΘΙΟ ΒΟΘΡΟ/ΒΡΑΧΥΚΕΦΑΛΙΑ  

ΝΕΟΣ ΔΕΙΚΤΗΣ ARSA (ABERANT RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY ) D Paladini 2012 PDF19

ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΚΑΡΔΙΑ DEVORE  / ΚΟΛΠΟΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΑ ,ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΑ ΕΛΛΕΙΜΜΑΤΑ, ΔΕΞΙΑ-ΠΡΟΣ ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑ ΔΥΣΑΝΑΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΟΛΠΩΝ Η ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΛΙΩΝ , ΠΕΡΙΚΑΡΔΙΚΟ ΥΓΡΟ , ΑΝΑΠΑΡΚΕΙΑ ΤΡΙΓΛΩΧΙΝΑΣ ,ΑΛΛΕΣ ΑΝΩΜΑΛΙΕΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΑΣ , ΔΕΞΙ ΑΟΡΤΙΚΟ ΤΟΞΟ, 

 

 

 

Table 2. Phenotypic manifestations of DS patients

 

 

 

Phenotypic Features

Pediatric(n=67)

Adult

(n=28)

Total

(n=95)

Percentage

(%)

Epicanthic fold

65

24

89

93.7

Brachicephaly

59

27

86

90.6

Nasal bridge flat

60

20

80

84.2

Upward slanting

56

23

79

83.2

Wide gap between 1,2 great toe

53

24

77

81.1

Clinodactily

48

26

74

77.9

Small nose

48

23

71

74.7

Short broad neck                        

46

23

69

72.6

Increased nuchal skin fold

42

16

58

61.1

Single palmar crease

39

19

58

61.1

Fissured tongue

35

15

50

52.6

Small ear

31

14

45

47.4

Protruded abdomen

30

15

45

47.3

Small mouth

31

13

44

46.3

Protruding macroglossia

29

6

35

36.8

Divarification of recti

24

11

35

36.8

Flat nipple

30

4

34

35.8

Single flexion crease of 5th finger

12

5

17

17.9

Refractive errors

4

7

11

11.6

Dysplastic ear

5

2

7

7.4